STRESS : ULTIMATE MUST KNOWS IN 2021
Stress reduction and adopting a healthier life style have been a major concern and has a major effect on one’s mental and physical capacity (Hargreaves, 1998). Individuals are experiencing stress from outside and inside factors.
Outside factors include poor physical situation (like cold and hot weather) or worrying psychological atmosphere (like deprived working situation, bad relationships.
Inside stress factors can also be physical (sickness and illness, irritation), psychological tension about the future and unsafe events that may or may not take place. We all experience the stress in our everyday life. Stress will affect our body in different ways.
Stress Symptoms
The stresses have different kind of symptoms like body symptoms, emotional symptoms and behavior symptoms. Stress can be visible emotionally, behaviorally and physically but all symptoms are different in each person (Freidman & Booth, 1987)
While researchers have provided evidence that recent stressors in adulthood and single traumatic events in childhood predict psychological disorder, few have examined the cumulative impact of childhood adversity on later well-being.
Research examines that cumulative trauma in childhood and adolescence is related to depressive symptoms in young adults, and explores the mediating factors that operate in this association. Results indicate clear differences in cumulative trauma by socio-demographic characteristics, with males, nonwhites, and those with less than college-educated parents, reporting significantly greater levels of adversity.
We also find that higher trauma is associated with both early onset of depressive disorder and later depressive symptoms. Path analyses reveal that, while some of the association between childhood adversity and depression in young adults is direct, most is explained by the mediating effects of later stress, low self-esteem, and early onset of disorder. (Turner &Butler, 2003)
A study by Kimberly (2008) prospectively investigated the association between family life stress and insomnia symptoms among 115 undergraduates, aged 17-22 years. Participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires at 2 study time points, spaced 3 weeks apart: The Insomnia Severity Index, the Negative Life Events Questionnaire (NLEQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory.
First, family life stress at baseline was hypothesized to predict elevated insomnia symptoms 3 weeks later, above and beyond depressive symptoms. Second, compared with academic stressors, negative family and social life events were expected to best predict increased insomnia.
Regression analyses were conducted to test study predictions. Hypotheses was partially supported. Family life stress was significantly associated with increased insomnia symptoms, even after controlling for depression. Results also revealed that negative family life events, together with academic stress, predicted the highest levels of insomnia.
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